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NZ First on Democracy & Government
Democracy & Government · In depth

Restricting the vote to citizens

In depth — from NZ First’s policy document

NZ First would change electoral law so that only New Zealand citizens can vote. Permanent residents can currently vote after two years, and holders of certain visas with no expiry date after one. The party would keep permanent residence as the right to live, work, study and build a life here, while reserving the vote for those who have taken citizenship.

The change
Citizens only
In electoral law, for the right to vote
Residents can vote now
After 2 years
Permanent residents, through the normal process
Some visa holders
After 1 year
Certain visas with no expiry date
What residence keeps
Live, work, study
The right to build a life here is unchanged
Their distinction
Allegiance
Citizenship framed as a formal bond, residence as permission to stay
Local elections
Not addressed
Council voting is named as a problem but not in the remedy

How it would work

What the rule is now

The document sets out the current position as its starting point: a permanent resident who has been through the normal process can vote after two years living here, and someone on certain visas with no expiry date is technically eligible after one. It notes this covers who forms the government, who sits on local councils, and referendums.

The line they would draw

Permanent residence and citizenship are treated as different things doing different jobs. Residence gives the right to live, work, study and build a life; citizenship is described as the formal bond of allegiance, belonging, responsibility and democratic authority. The policy is that only the second should carry the vote — the party’s phrase is that the distinction “should matter again”.

How it is argued

The case is put in terms of commitment rather than administration: voting is framed as a privilege of those who have sworn allegiance and made New Zealand their home and their future. The document is explicit that people who have not done so remain welcome to live here permanently.

In their own words

“New Zealand First has announced that we will be campaigning to change the electoral law to ensure that only citizens have the right to vote.”

Citizen’s Only Voting · Opening statement of the policy

“Currently, any permanent resident who has gone through the normal process, after just two years living in New Zealand, can vote.”

Citizen’s Only Voting · On the current rule

“Permanent residence gives people the right to live, work, study, and build a life in New Zealand. Citizenship is different.”

Citizen’s Only Voting · On the distinction they draw

“New Zealand First will restore the basic democratic principle that the right to decide New Zealand’s future belongs to New Zealand citizens.”

Citizen’s Only Voting · On what the change would do

What the document doesn’t settle

Points the document defers or leaves undefined. These are gaps in the document, not criticisms of the policy.

  • Local council voting and referendums are both named as part of the problem, but the stated remedy covers general elections — whether local elections change too is not said.
  • Nothing is said about people already enrolled as residents: whether they would be removed from the roll, and if so when or how they would be told.
  • The document does not say whether the change would apply from a future election or immediately.
  • No estimate is given of how many current voters it would affect.
  • Citizenship carries its own residence and character requirements; whether the party would change those alongside the voting rule is not addressed.
  • New Zealand is one of a small number of countries allowing resident non-citizens to vote nationally, and the document makes no comparison to how others handle it.
Summarised from Citizen’s Only Voting, published by New Zealand First. Read 2026-08-17.
Read the full document
Back to NZ First on Democracy & Government

Coverage at a glance

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